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References

 

The following is a list of resources, other than the Holy Qur’an and authentic hadith books, consulted and referred to, during the preparation of this article. This list also includes a few resources which will be helpful to those interested & seeking more information about the issue.

~ Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-din al-Hilali, Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, The Noble Qur’an

~ Hafiz Abu Fida Isma’il ibn Kathir, at-Tafsir ibn-e-Katheer

~ Mufti Muhammad Shafi Usmani, Ma’ariful Qur’an, Darul Uloom Karachi (Karachi : Pakistan)

~ Dr. Zakir Abdul Karim Naik, Women Rights in Islam, Islamic Research Foundation (India)

~ Dr. Israr Ahmed, Bayan-ul-Qur’an, Quran Academy (Lahore : Pakistan)

~ Riffat Hasan, Islam and Human Rights in Pakistan : A Critical Analysis of the Positions of Three Contemporary Women, University of Durham (England)

~ Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, The Authority of Sunnah, Kitab Bhavan (New Delhi : 1991)

~ Mufti Nizam-ud-din Shamzi, Khutbaat-e-Shamzi, Maulana Qutb-ud-din Abid (Mufti Mehmood Academy : Karachi)

~ Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee, General Principles of Criminal Law (Islamic and Western), Advanced Legal Studies Institute (Dec. 7, 2000)

~ Naved Ahmed, Hudood Ordinance Per Aitarazat ka Jaiza, Quran Academy; monthly Meesaq, Issue of Sept. 1, 2006

~ Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Publishers Emporium (Lahore : 2003)

~ Maulana Syed Abul Ala Maududi, Tafheem-ul-Qur’an

~ Mufti Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Fiqh mein Ijma ka Maqam, Idara al-Ma’arif (Karachi : Pakistan)

~ Ibrahim B. Syed, Zina and Rajm, Islamic Research Foundation International (Louisville : USA)

~ Maulana Yusuf Ludhianvi, Shahab-um-Mubin-li-Rajm-ash-Shiyatin : Rajm ki Shari’i Haisiyyat, Maktaba-e-Ludhianvia (Karachi : Pakistan)

~ GEO Television News Network, Zara Sochieye Debate, Jang group; website: http://www.geo.tv/zs/

~ Maulana Aslam Sheikhupuri, Just Think, Dars-e-Quran website: http://www.darsequran.com/articles/sochiay.php

~ Justice Dr. Javed Iqbal, A Critique of the Zina Ordinance, Islamabad : 2006

~ Nur Ahmed Shahtaz, Tarikh-e-nifadh-e-hudood, Karachi : 1998

~ Dr. Tufail Hashmi, Hudood Ordinance : Kitab-o-Sunnat ki Roshni mein, Aurat Foundation (Peshawar : 2004)

~ Special Report (NCJ-154348), Violence Against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey August 1995, 1995 National Crime Victimization Survey of the U.S. Department of Justice

~ Maulana Syed Shehanshah Hussain Naqvi, Huqooq-e-Niswan Bill ka Qur’an-o-Sunnat ki Roshni mein Aik Jaiza, Imam of Mosque Bab-ul-Ilm (Karachi : Pakistan)

~ Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, Crime Report of 2003 & 2002, URL: http://www.fbi.gov/

~ Dr. Abdullah, Amanullah Baloch, Hudood Ordinance Per Media Ki Yalghar : Aakhir Kyun?, Fehm Publication (Karachi)

~ Bernard Knight, Simpson’s Forensic Medicine 10^th Ed., Butler and Tanner Ltd. (London : 1992)

~ Dr. K. C. Parikh, Parikh’s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 8^th Ed., CBS Publishers (New Delhi : 2004)

~ Draft Report on the Meetings of the Special Committee to Review the Hudood Ordinances, Commission on the Status of Women of Pakistan, Govt. of Pakistan, URL: http://ncsw.gov.pk/pdf/draft_report_on_hudood_ordinance.pdf

~ Federal Shariat Court, Annual Report 2002 and Annual Report 2003, Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan

~ Council of Islamic Ideology, Interim Brief Report on the Hudood Ordinances, In’aamullah, Dr. Khalid Masud, Govt. of Pakistan, available at: http://www.cii.gov.pk/hudood/HOO_1979.pdf

~ Mufti Muneeb-ur-Rehman, Tahafuz-e-Huqooq-e-Niswan Bill : Quran-o-Sunnat ki Nazar mein, Tanzeem al-Madaris

~ Report of the Commission of Inquiry for Women, headed by Justice Nasir Aslam Zahid, August, 1997

~ Women Aid Trust, Hadd-e-Zina Ordinance, 1979 : Aitarazat ki Haqeeqat, Islamabad : 2003

~ Jehangir Hanif, Hudood Ordinances : Ghamidi’s Views, Institute of Islamic Sciences: al-Mawrid

~ Maulana Abdul Malik, Deen mein Tarmim ka Bill, Jami’at Itihad-ul-Ulema

~ Hussain Khan, Hudood Ordinance Amended on a Bogus Claim, Against all Canons of Democracy and Against Constitution, Tokyo : Japan; read at: http://www.hudoodordinance.com/article_hussain_khan_japan.htm

~ Justice (R) Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Kya Hudood Ordinance Mein Tabdeeli Mumkin Hai?

~ Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Hudoodullah kay Khilaf Ailan-e-Jang, monthly Terjuman-ul-Qur’an, Dec. 1, 2006

~ Maulana Muhammad Hasan Jan, Tahafuz-e-Huqooq-e-Niswan Bill kay Islam say Mutasadim Pehlu, monthly Muhaddith (Lahore)

~ Newspapers including, but not limited to, Dawn, The News, Daily Jang, New York Times, The Times (London), Christian Post, Washington Post, Ha’aretz, Jerusalem Post, Ummat and The Frontier Post.

 

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[1] The text of the Zina & Qazf Ordinances, as well as the Protection of Women Act, can be found at the following website: http://www.haqeeqat.org/

[2] This section was not present in the original Ordinance, but, came into being as a result of a judgment given by the Federal Shariah Court in a case: Rashida Patel vs. The State (PLD 1989 FSC 95). In this judgment, the court ruled that gang rape is covered by verse 33 of Surah al-Maida (5).

[3] All the cases mentioned in this article have been quoted from the Annual Report of the Federal Shariat Court, 2002 & 2003, published by the Law & Justice Commission of Pakistan.

[4] Jam’ai Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Hudood, Ch.22, Hadith No. 1453 & also, 1454

[5] For example, Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Ikrah, Ch.6 and Sunan Abu Daw’ud, Kitab al-Hudood, Hadith No. 4366

[6] Raddul Mukhtar, Vol.4, p.19 & Aalamgiri, Vol.5, p.48

[7] The statement can be read at the following URL: http://www.geo.tv/zs/quickstop.asp

[8] For example, see The Daily Dawn, Vol. LX, No. 275, Issue of Saturday, October 7, 2006, p.5; How Hudood Law Is Hurting Society by Roshaneh Zafar

[9] Interim Report on the Hudood Ordinances, In’aamullah, Khalid Masud, CII (Council of Islamic Ideology) 2006, p.176—the report is also available online at: http://www.cii.gov.pk/hudood/HOO_1979.pdf

[10] Ibid, p.175

[11] Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5337752.stm

[12] Details: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/08/25/wpakistan25.xml

[13] Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/pakistan/mckenna_pakistan.html

[14] See: http://www.wluml.org/english/newsfulltxt.shtml?cmd[157]=x-157-543109

[15] Source: http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/articledetails.php?id=103178

[16] Details: http://www.hinduonnet.com/mag/2006/10/01/stories/2006100100050300.htm

[17] Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2422294&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312

[18] Source: http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20436609-2703,00.html

[19] Details: http://www.pakistanchristianpost.com/newsviewsdetails.php?newsid=195

[20] See: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2356656,00.html

[21] Source: http://news.independent.co.uk/world/asia/article1173241.ece

[22] URL: http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/02CF3395-7BAF-4ABF-A808-DC934585C905.htm

[23] Details at: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE4DD133BF932A15755C0A9639C8B63

[24] Can be downloaded from: http://ncsw.gov.pk/pdf/draft_report_on_hudood_ordinance.pdf

[25] Please refer to this page: http://www.geo.tv/zs/quickstop.asp

[26] The Status of Women in Pakistan in Islamization of Laws, Charles Kennedy, p.74; with reference from Justice (R) Mufti Taqi Usmani, “Hudood Tarmimi Bill Kya Hai?”; URL: http://www.hudoodordinance.com/hudood_tarmimi_bill_kia_hai.htm

[27] Simpson’s Forensic Medicine 10th Ed., Bernard Knight, Butler and Tanner Ltd. (London : 1992), Ch.17, p.212

[28] Parikh’s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 8th Ed., Dr. K.C. Parikh, CBS Publishers (New Delhi : 2004), Part 2, Sec.V, Ch.27, pp.5.42-5.43

[29] Details at: http://www.pakistanchristianpost.com/newsviewsdetails.php?newsid=195

[30] Her recommendations can be found here: http://www.pchr.org.pk/news/art10.htm

[31] Please refer to this page: http://www.geo.tv/zs/quickstop.asp

[32] It is available at: http://jsmawais.googlepages.com/FAQ2.htm

[33] Read at: http://jsmawais.googlepages.com/Qazf_Ordinance.htm

[34] The article will be completed soon. (Insha Allah)

[35] It may be pertinent to quote here a hadith: Narrated Mu’awiyyah al-Qarshi (R.A.A.) that the Prophet (S.A.W.) imprisoned a person on suspicion. [Sunan Abu Daw’ud, Kitab al-Hudood, Hadith No. 3623]

[36] The Daily Dawn, Vol. LX, No. 281, Issue of Saturday, October 13, 2006, p.3

[37] Source: http://www.geo.tv/zs/quickstop.asp

[38] For example, see The Daily Dawn, Vol. LX, No. 247, Issue of Monday, August 14, 2006, p.6; Amendments to Hudood Ordinance by Maheen A. Rasheed

[39] For example, see The Daily Dawn, Issue of Sunday, 12 March, 2006, p.5; Sterile Public Debate by Anwar Syed

[40] Hudood Ordinance, a report by Dr. Abdullah, Daily Ummat, available at: http://www.ummat.com.pk/Colourpage_report/Zana/Episode-5-6/Episod-6002.gif; http://www.ummat.com.pk/Colourpage_report/Zana/Episode-5-6/Episod-6003.gif

[41] Ibid, details at: http://www.ummat.com.pk/Colourpage_report/Zana/abdullah-1002.gif

[42] URL: http://www.icco.nl/

[43] Source: http://www.icco.nl/documents/pdf/EN final report IPC 02 juli 03.doc

[44] His email address, as provided on the website, was: Desh@icco.nl

[45] Details at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5159556.stm

[46] Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/09/world/asia/09pakistan.html?ex=1153368000&en=73ea39aa3648df9c&ei=5070

[47] Details: http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/powabuse.html

[48] There are tones of articles, videos, books & all kinds of other stuff, available in this regard; for a list of websites, visit: http://www.physics911.net/resources.htm

[49] See: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/wrh/message/4329

[50] A good book is available online on this issue: http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/aeac80e740c782e4852561150071fdb0?OpenDocument

[51] An Introduction to Usul-e-Tafseer, Mufti Muhammad Shafi Usmani (RA), full article available at: http://www.ummah.net/Al_adaab/Quran_Majid/intro_to_tafsir.html

[52] Ma’ariful Qur’an (Urdu), Mufti Muhammad Shafi Usmani (RA), Vol.2, p.584